Eight years ago I was assigned to do a member feature for The Dispute Resolver. I had some fun that year with the member feature -- choosing to feature Santa Claus. I hope you enjoy this blast from the past! I had fun drafting it :)
I wish all of you a very healthy, safe, relaxing, and FUN holiday season. 2021 is going to be a great year for Division 1, The Dispute Resolver, and the ABA Forum on Construction Law.
Thank you to all of our wonderful construction litigators, arbitrators, mediators that make Division 1 such a great group of construction attorneys.
As COVID cases continue to rise, each state has handled business restrictions differently. Recently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has released guidance for what construction workers need to know about COVID-19, and guidance for what their employers should consider moving forward. I believe these are important considerations to keep in mind while advising or consulting with construction industry clients across the spectrum. The following list is an overview of the CDC’s guidance:
1. Reduce Transmission Among Workers
Actively encourage sick employees to stay at home.
Consider placing posters with accurate information about COVID-19 and what criteria is needed to discontinue home isolation.
Implement specific policies to minimize face-to-face contact for employees with higher risk for severe illness.
Provide employees with access to soap, clean running water, and materials for drying their hands, or provide alcohol-based hand sanitizers containing at least 60% alcohol at stations around the establishment for use by workers.
2. Maintain a Healthy Work Environment
Create measures to physically separate and increase distance between employees such as modifying work schedules to reduce the total number of workers on a job site at any given time.
Restrict access to reduce the number of workers in enclosed and confined areas at one time.
Employers are required to determine, select, provide, and train on correct PPE use and application (29 CFR 1926 Subpart E).
3. Maintain Healthy Business Operations
Designate a safety and health officer to be responsible for responding to COVID-19 concerns at every jobsite. This safety and health officer could be identified as someone who should be contacted if an employee becomes sick so contact tracing can occur. Note: Confidentiality must be maintained in accordance with the ADA and HIPPA. Employers should not require a positive COVID test result or healthcare provider’s not to validate their illness.
Follow all applicable local, state, and federal regulations and public health agency guidelines.
Consider following additional CDC guidelines for businesses and employers to plan and respond to COVID, and the North America’s Building Trades Unions and The Center for Construction Research and Training’s COVID-19 Standards for U.S. Construction Sites.
While this overview is not an exhaustive list of the CDC’s guidance for construction workers, it does highlight some significant suggestions that should be considered in attempt to reduce the spread of COVID and decrease an employer’s potential liability. Moreover, according to a recent Pew Research Center survey, roughly 40% of U.S. adults would “probably” or “definitely” not get the vaccine. This begs the question - can employers fire their employees for refusing to take a COVID vaccination.
The short answer is yes, but with a few exceptions. First, if a work force is unionized, then the employer needs to refer to the collective bargaining agreement to determine whether the employer can make inoculation mandatory. Second, anti-discrimination laws, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act, might protect workers who do not want to be vaccinated for medical reasons. Also, employees could be protected by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 if taking the vaccine is a violation of a “sincerely held” religious belief. Finally, there is an additional exception that may play a significant role in whether an employer can require their employees be vaccinated - has the state taken action to prevent mandatory inoculation.
State lawmakers in Ohio have proposed new legislation that would protect employees who do not want to get vaccinated from losing their jobs. The “Medical Consumer Protection Act” (House Bill 268) was introduced in 2019 and would stop employers from firing an employee for refusing to be vaccinated. While this proposed legislation has not been passed, employers should refer to their State’s laws.
With COVID cases on the rise, a new administration set to take office in January, and vaccinations nearing distribution, there are many items to be addressed and planned for in the coming months. While we cannot plan for every scenario, it is important to consider both the CDC’s guidance for construction workers and their employers, and any potential issues that might arise from mandatory inoculation.
Author Christopher M. Wise is an attorney and the Managing Member of Wise Law, LLC in Louisville, Kentucky.
The case serves
a friendly reminder of the importance of jurisdiction, especially in the
context of arbitration. In this case, the Texas-based general contractor sought
to vacate a Florida court’s enforcement of a Florida-based arbitration award. See id. at 572. Step one of the
court’s analysis highlighted the most well-known limitation of the Due Process
Clause when it comes to jurisdiction of out-of-state defendants: that of
“minimum contacts.” See id. at 573. The
court pressed that we must always ask whether our counterparts “purposefully
avail[ed] [themselves] of the privilege of conducting activities within the
forum State, thus invoking the benefits and protections of its laws.” See id.(citing World-Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson, 444 U.S. 286, 297-98
(1980)). Here, the general contractor defendant pressed that this was a
standard breach of contract dispute where “minimum contacts” existed because (1)
subcontractors solicited a business relationship with the general contractor in
Texas, (2) the subcontractors contracted with the general contractor, which has
an office in Texas, (3) subcontractors mailed invoices to general contractor’s
office in Texas, and (4) the parties’ contract has a Texas choice-of-law
clause. Id.The court found that none
of these facts established “minimum contacts.” Importantly, in response to
facts (3) and (4), the Fifth Circuit held that, mailing payments, especially
when all of the work is performed outside the state, is insufficient to
establish “minimum contacts” and choice-of-law clauses are probative, but not
dispositive, of purposeful availment. See
id. at 574.
With its terse
‘this is not our problem’ ending, the court emphasized that any doubts as to
the legitimacy of arbitration should be put to bed. Case law, in conjunction
with the Federal Arbitration Act (“FAA”), makes clear that there exists a
liberal policy of promoting arbitration, thus making arbitration agreements
“valid, irrevocable, and enforceable.” 9 USC § 2. As we all know, arbitration
is favored amongst many construction clients due to its privacy, speed, and finality. But
with every decision comes a cost. In agreeing to arbitrate, the cost to
parties is the relinquishment of much of their right to a court’s decision.
Parties may still seek court review of an arbitrator’s decision, but the courts
will set that decision aside only in very unusual circumstances. SeeFirst
Options of Chicago, Inc. v. Kaplan, 514 U.S. 938 (1995). In fact, grounds
for vacating arbitral awards are few and far between[1]
– and if you’re still not convinced of just how rigorously courts enforce
arbitral awards, consider the fact that the Manifest Disregard of Law Doctrine remains one of the few proper grounds of
vacatur of an arbitral award
and there exists a circuit split as to whether even that is proper. See Philip D. O’Neill, Jr.,
International Commercial Arbitration 459 (2012).
In conclusion,
the case of Sayers Construction, 976 F.3d at 574,is a reminder to experienced lawyers not to lose sight of either the legal frameworks of personal
jurisdiction or the FAA. And, of course, litigators everywhere beware: don’t
mess with Texas.
[1] Per the New York Convention on the
Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of 1958 (the “New York Convention”) and
the Federal Arbitration Act (“FAA”), courts are directed to confirm arbitral
awards unless it is found that there exist grounds for refusal or deferral of
recognition. Those grounds include 1(a): incapacity of a party; invalidity
under the law to which the parties subjected their agreement, or invalid under
the law of the country where the agreement was made; (b) lack of proper notice;
an inability by a party to present their case; (c) exceeding the scope of the
arbitral agreement; (d) composition of the arbitral authority or process was
not as the parties agreed; (e) set aside by a competent authority or in
accordance with the law of the arbitral seat; (2)(a) the subject matter may not
be lawfully resolved under the law of the place of enforcement; or (b) contrary
to the public policy of that jurisdiction. In short, the legal framework and
the New York Convention (Article V) provides that the decision to decline to
enforce an award is a matter of stringent discretion, for “recognition and enforcement of
the award may be refused,” but only very limited circumstances. See Philip D. O’Neill, Jr., International Commercial
Arbitration
405-06 (2012).
Author Lexie R. Pereira is a third year J.D./M.B.A. candidate at Boston College Law School and Carroll School of Management, studying to become a litigator, with a specialty in construction law. Currently, she works as a Law Clerk at Consigli Construction Co., Inc., serves on the Editorial Team of the ABA’s Forum on Construction Law’s Dispute Resolver blog, and acts as the 2020 Student Liaison of the ABA's Forum on Construction Law. At school, Lexie is the President of the Real Estate Law Society and the President of the Eagle-to-Eagle Mentoring Program. Lexie grew up in the construction industry and has spent time working as an estimator, field engineer, laborer, and, of course, in the legal capacity at Consigli and formerly Hinckley Allen as a Summer Associate.
We are excited to introduce Daya Naef for this month's Meet D1's Neutrals feature! Daya is an experienced arbitrator and mediator, with over
20 years of practice. She attended Loyola University New Orleans School of Law
studying Civil Law and International Law. We sat down with her, virtually, of course, and asked for her to tell us
more about her mediating style and to share practical tips with our fellow
‘dispute resolvers.’ D1, Meet Daya!
Click here or below for a short video intro from Daya!
DAYA'S MEDIATION PRACTICE
When and why did you choose to become
a mediator?
As early as law school, I was
interested in learning a more direct route to dispute resolution than what
seemed like the very tedious and complicated route through litigation. When I graduated, however, family law was the
only mediation certification you could get, so I decided to hold off. I started
my law practice in New Orleans right after Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Having
grown up in the construction industry, I already had subject matter expertise in
what was an important subject at the time. Since then, construction has been my focus in both the
practice of law and now, since 2012, in the practice of alternative dispute
resolution.
I had been using dispute resolution
in my practice, but it was not until I was taking time off from practice, while
recovering from a major car accident, that I did my 40-Hour Certification and
joined the Mediatory Registry in Louisiana. Coming back, I knew I wanted to do
more ADR and less traditional litigation. Now I have done over 200 hours
of certified training, both nationally and internationally, and I can say I'm
pretty well-versed in what's new in the world of mediation.
Can you describe your mediating
style?
My purpose and my goal is to get the
project back on track. So, my practice is more of an extended pre-mediation
where we're not usually together in a room, or Zoom room. Instead, it's more
facilitative. I strive to work out as much as possible between the parties
before we have an actual “sit down.” The way that I approach things is to
resolve them with the parties. For instance, contractors and subcontractors
have a lot of friction getting jobs completed. I get their information and see
where the commonalities are so that we can keep the job moving or, if it is at
completion, work it out so that the parties part as professionals who are able
to work together again. Or should they choose to not work together again, then I hope that they part from a
better position – a position of completeness – not with animosity where it's
going to be gnawing on them and making them want to badmouth the other person
after the process.
Do you have a standard mediation
practice regarding pre-mediation exchange of information/memorandum and joint
sessions? If so, what is it?
Once we all agree we're going forward
with the objective of getting the project back on track, I have the parties
make individual statements on an audio recording, either on the phone or Zoom
recording (or write a written statement if they prefer), and have them send it
to me. I then have them upload the contracts, pictures of what's going on, and
any other statements that they want to take. I peruse this information and bring
myself up to speed on the job with the goal of finding out (1) where they are
on the job, (2) what their commonalities are, and (3) where their sticking
points are. Then I go back and interview them separately to see where we can
make more alliances. Again, my goal is to keep the job going.
If there are still some sticking
points after those two conversations, and especially if there's a job-stop
pending, then we schedule a time to get on Zoom together. On Zoom, I go over
the things that we have accomplished so far and then the things that we haven't
accomplished yet. Believe it or not, at this point, it is pretty smooth sailing
getting to a resolution between the parties since we all agreed on that
objective from the beginning. So, then my work is done until a new dispute
arises.
What is a common mistake you see
parties and/or their counsel employ in mediation and what steps do you
recommend to avoid it?
A mistake I see with parties is that
they either do not take it seriously or do not understand the value of actually
having a dispute resolved in this alternative manner. As a society, we are
litigious-minded and we see going to court as a ‘thing.’ As dispute resolvers,
we have the ability to remind parties that they have the power to make their
own decisions, with someone who is a neutral third-party holding the space from
them when making those decisions. Reminding parties that it often is just not
practical to go to court and that there are other options is very important.
I've been doing surveys over the last
year or so the find out different construction companies' legal budgets. The
data suggests that there is a certain threshold where a company hires a
general counsel. I would encourage those that are not yet there to think about
the alternative solutions. For example, I have encouraged some of my clients to
consider hiring a project neutral or a pre-engaged dispute resolution
professional for the duration of the project. I'm also working with D1's
Toolbox talks, enlisting some examples from our D1 members who are using Early
Dispute Resolution as In-House Counsel. Be looking out for that event January
28, 2021!
What is the most important skill to
have as a mediator?
Listening skills, seeing the big
picture, and creating an environment for people to pause, be listened to, and
be heard. Sometimes in the fast-paced world of construction, you have to get
people out of their hamster wheel a little bit and say, “okay, look, I am
really here to listen to you, but need you to help me help you.” So, I guess it
is like being part mediator, part social worker. Also, cultural sensitivity
skills, especially in this virtual era, are important. It is best to avoid
culture shock when “Zooming” into different areas of the country by going slowly
and adjusting to the norms.
How can ‘dispute resolvers’ better
resolve disputes?
Gaining a comfort with working on
video and using technology are important skills for 'dispute resolvers.' We've
gone from typewriters and dictaphones to fax machines and email to now Zoom
conferences. There are great benefits to this new technology, especially in
terms of real-time document sharing, that I think everyone should get on board
with (if they're not already!). I’ve been on a committee in the DR Section putting
together an info-video for attorneys and their clients to get familiarized with
what a Zoom mediation looks like and what they can expect. That should be out
by the Spring meeting. Stay tuned.
How does the Forum and Division 1
relate to your arbitration practice?
I've had the best time being in the
Forum. I've been to the meetings in Nashville, Philadelphia, and Chicago, as
well as New Orleans. My first Forum experience was when the meeting was in New
Orleans, I think it was 2006 or 2007, right after Hurricane Katrina. I had just
started my law practice there and someone actually reached out to me and said
that they'd waive my conference fees if I came because I was a young woman
professional member who just started practicing. The meeting was just great. I
joined Division 8 because I was interested in learning more about construction
internationally. Afterwards, we all went to dinner at Delmonico's private room,
and just had a ball. I could not believe that I was so young and new to
practice, and yet had the opportunity to meet some of the some of the stars of
the Forum at the time. Since then, I've gotten more involved with the ABA. I’m serving a
second term as co-chair for the Women in Dispute Resolution (WIDR), as well as
being one of the liaisons between the Forum on Construction Law and the DR
Section.
So, the Forum has clearly served as a
resource for my development. There are certain members that if I have a
question or somebody needs a referral, I literally just hop on LinkedIn
messenger and send them a message. Similarly, , in a matter of minutes, I can find an attorney in San Antonio for something because I've met someone through the Forum. The Forum has built a community, or like a fraternity,
of the legal practice that we don't always get anymore. We have such a
diversity of practice now, too. The Forum is all over the country and we do all
these different things. It's so amazing.
What hobbies, activities, or
interests do you do outside of work and the Forum?
I'm an artist. It's a pretty
dedicated hobby. I've gone to art school and studied in Italy, D.C., and
New York. I draw with charcoal and pencil, usually figure studies. So, yes,
that's nude people. Sometimes people think that's weird, but it does come from
the classics – Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci – classical art school, as
opposed to modern art school. I love it.
As the litigation and dispute resolution division of the Forum,
our members regularly serve as arbitrators, mediators, and other neutrals who
resolve disputes. In an effort to promote and educate our membership about our
talented neutrals, D1's Incoming Chair, Tom Dunn, decided
to spearhead a series here on The Dispute Resolver blog to
feature our Division 1 Neutrals (email him at rtdunn@pierceatwood.com if
you'd like to be featured!).
Daya J. Naef, Esq.is a third-generation member of the Construction and Real Estate industries. At an early age she gained experience working with her family’s residential construction company and was in close contact with relatives working as realtors, brokers, interior designers, developers and commercial contractors. When she decided to pursue her legal career, specializing in construction was a natural fit. She has represented general contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, owners, developers, condominium associations, property managers, design professionals, agencies, associations and municipalities/non-governmental organizations in Michigan since 1999, and Louisiana since 2005.
Daya has a stellar reputation for seeing a job through from start to finish. She is proficient in drafting and reviewing construction contracts, preparing and filing liens/releases and bond/insurance claims. In addition, Daya can handle business formations, office and site set-ups, real estate transactions, title opinions or reviews, compliance audits, municipal and state taxing issues, board complaints and multi-party mediation or arbitration. Daya can also serve as a project neutral or independent decision-maker.
Because of the depth of Daya’s knowledge of construction law and her excellent communication skills, her clients know what to expect in terms of time, outcome and cost. By choosing Daya Naef, LLC as your consultant, mediator, arbitrator, or legal service provider, you will gain reliable expertise and excellent service.
Editor Lexie R.
Pereira is a third year
J.D./M.B.A. candidate at Boston College Law School and Carroll School of
Management, graduating in Spring 2022 and studying to become a litigator, with a specialty in construction
law. Currently, she works as a Law Clerk at Consigli Construction Co., Inc.,
serves on the Editorial Team of the ABA’s Forum on Construction Law’s Dispute
Resolver blog, and acts as the 2020 Student Liaison of the ABA's Forum on
Construction Law. At school, Lexie is the President of the Real Estate Law
Society and the President of the Eagle-to-Eagle Mentoring Program. Lexie grew
up in the construction industry and has spent time working as an estimator,
field engineer, laborer, and, of course, in the legal capacity at Consigli and
formerly at Hinckley Allen as a Summer Associate.
The COVID-19 pandemic is forcing construction attorneys to consider unprecedented legal issues ranging from government restrictions on work and travel, to monitoring the latest epidemiological research. Clients across the construction industry have turned to their legal counsel for advice on issues such as reopening plans, compliance with government regulations, and employee safety.
One concern clients express is the difficulty monitoring which employees have been exposed to COVID-19. Technology assisted contact tracing may seem like a silver bullet solution to this problem, but some experts worry it could lead to litigation.
This article will give a brief background of contact tracing technology and discuss some of the potential pitfalls attorneys should be aware of when advising clients.
Balancing Safety and Privacy
Employers have a duty to ensure a safe workplace. This responsibility has become particularly sensitive during the COVID-19 pandemic. As more construction sites resumed in-person operations this summer, employers we forced to carefully consider the details of their reopening plans.
The focus of reopening plans has, quite understandably, centered around employee and customer safety. However, employee privacy is quickly emerging as another possible cause for concern. Some employers have announced reopening plans involving contact tracing technology to help maintain workplace safety. While this new technology may be valuable, contact tracing technology also presents several potential legal issues.
What is Contact Tracing?
Contact tracing has been used by health officials for at least 100 years to help understand and limit the transmission of infectious diseases. Historically this process has involved a time-consuming process of in-person interviews.
Today, Technology Assisted Contact Tracing (TACT) is being used by some businesses and governments to automate this process. Although TACT is a broad term, much of the attention has focused on the use of mobile phone location data to track the movements of individuals and determine if they have been exposed to the virus. Privacy advocates have raised concerns over the use of TACT by governments. However, for reasons discussed below, employers should also be aware of the risks.
TACT covers a broad range of practices, but the most controversial involves downloading an application to the user’s smartphone. The application uses a combination of health and location data to determine whether the user has encountered a person who has tested positive.
Several important technical distinctions in TACT technology have arisen from the initial experience of governments and employers. The most significant distinction is how the technology tracks a user’s location data. The use of GPS data can lead to a centralized repository of information more likely to give rise to privacy concerns. Alternatively, the use of Bluetooth technology appears to avoid many of these potential problems.
TACT in the Workplace
Employers face the difficult task of balancing employee safety and employee privacy. Employers have a duty to ensure their workplace is safe for employees and customers. As a result, many employers are considering implementing some form of TACT. As employees gradually return to work and stay-at-home orders are lifted, it is difficult to know which employees have been exposed. TACT offers the attractive prospect of assisting employers maintain a safe workplace during the reopening process.
Employers should be mindful of the potential risks arising from utilizing this technology. Under OSHA, employers have a general duty to provide workers with “employment and a place of employment, which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm.” OSHA and the CDC do not appear to have provided specific guidance on contact tracing technology. Although the EEOC released updated return-to-work guidance regarding workplace discrimination, it does not address contact tracing technology specifically.
Potential Sources of Litigation
Notwithstanding general OSHA and CDC requirements, employers should be aware of the following risks before including TACT in their return to work plan:
1. Employee Privacy Rights
Many states, most notably California, have some form of data privacy laws which may be implicated. The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) contains several exceptions for employee data, but these exceptions are not unlimited. For example, employers with California employees may be required to provide disclosures before implementing TACT. Employers should be aware the CCPA contains a private right of action for violations.
2. Federal Employment Laws
Like temperature screenings and other COVID-related safety procedures, application of TACT in an uneven manner could give rise to discrimination claims. Employers should make sure to avoid targeting policies towards specific groups, even if these groups have been identified by health experts as being at an elevated risk (older workers, etc.). Any reopening plan should ensure compliance with Title VII, the ADEA, the ADA, and other federal laws. Employers considered covered entities under HIPAA will likely face additional restrictions while using contact tracing technology.
3. State and Local Government Requirements
Many state and local governments have Orders specific to businesses operating during the reopening process. Most states also have their own data breach notification laws. These local requirements vary by jurisdiction and often carry significant penalties.
4. Malware and Cybersecurity
Recently, twelve contact tracing apps were reported to contain malware. Hackers used these apps to infect devices with viruses and steal user’s data. Although it remains unclear how many users fell victim to the breach, the event underscores the importance of conducting appropriate due diligence on any product before implementation.
5. Practical Problems
Other practical problems can arise, particularly if employers make the use of TACT mandatory for employees. For example, if downloading a contract tracing app is a mandatory component of an employer’s reopening plan, employees without smartphones may be unable to resume normal operations. Furthermore, the actual effectiveness of TACT remains unresolved. To be effective, both employees and a large majority of other individuals in the community must carry a smartphone with them at all times. Also, the potential for false positives and other technology malfunctions will need to be addressed.
Conclusion
The level of risk created by including TACT in a workplace reopening plan depends on the details of the program and the technology. Important variables include, but are not limited to; the extent to which the program is mandatory, whether the program allows employers access to employee data, the type of geolocation technology involved, and whether apps are installed to an employer-issued versus an employee’s personal device.
It should be noted that competing COVID-19-related data privacy proposals have been introduced in Congress. While the future of these proposals is not clear, their enactment would likely have a direct impact on employers using TACT to maintain a healthy workplace environment.
Employers should ensure the personal health information of employees is kept private and secure. This requires a thorough understanding of any technology prior to implementation in the workplace. Maintaining a balance between employee safety and employee privacy has never been more difficult. Unfortunately, this may be another aspect of the “new normal” for employers to live with for the foreseeable future.
Author Patrick McKnight is an associate in the Litigation Department at Klehr Harrison. He focuses his practice on corporate and complex commercial litigation, employment law, and cybersecurity.
A previous version of this article was published on the Klehr Harrison website.
I hope everyone had a safe and enjoyable Thanksgiving weekend. We "emptied" out our garage, had a few socially distanced appetizers, and then split up food prepared by all to go home with a small group of our family. My 9 year old daughter decorated the driveway with spray chalk for the occasion! For the first time, we bought a turkey from a local farm (24+ pounds!). Photos of both are below.
Be on the lookout for a new column in Under Construction featuring litigation and dispute resolution articles called Dispute Resolver. The paper and e-blast should arrive by the second week of December. This is a great time to potentially get published twice! First, by The Dispute Resolver and second by Under Construction. Under Construction's editorial staff will work with you to update and modify your article for that publication. If you are interested, contact me or Catherine Delorey for more information.
We are going to start our first D1 Toolbox Talk Series in late January 2021. News about that series' rollout and new logo (thanks Jade Davis!) will be published later this month.
We are streamlining our D1 Neutral Series. If you are a mediator or arbitrator, and a D1 member, contact me and we will add you to our list.
Our other initiatives are moving along nicely as well including the CLE working committee and program concepts committee. Thanks to all of you working on those programs.
On December 15th, one deliverable from our CLE working committee is occurring. Please support D1 members, George Fink and Jessica Sabbath, for their webinar. It is a two part series on construction scheduling.
What You Don’t Know Can Hurt You and Your Client: Scheduling for Construction Attorneys, Part I
The construction schedule is a critical source of information for construction claims attorney and represents key evidence for most delay claims. Construction attorneys need to understand the basic principles involved in the development and maintenance of construction schedules. Concurrent critical paths, fragnets, excusable delay and revised baseline schedules are all terms you need to know.
This first of a two-part series will acquaint you with basic scheduling terms and techniques so that you can understand the scheduling terminology and effectively communicate with your expert. Our distinguished Panel will also address the following important issues common to construction claims: What type of contract scheduling clauses work and what don’t? Should the schedule be resource and cost loaded? Who owns the float? What happens when a contractor submits an early completion schedule? What should you look for in a schedule update? The Panel will also discuss the guidance from American Courts and Boards regarding scheduling on construction projects. The course will be eligible for 1.5 CLE.
Thanks for all you do for Division 1. Contact me if you want to learn more about Division 1 (Litigation & Dispute Resolution) or the ABA Forum on Construction Law.
Tom Dunn, Chair, Division 1 (Litigation & Dispute Resolution), rtdunn@PierceAtwood.com
